摘要：在開(kāi)發(fā)中，用戶認(rèn)證是核心，是數(shù)據(jù)是否有保障的前提，目前主要有兩種常用方式進(jìn)行用戶認(rèn)證和。為了學(xué)習(xí)在中的使用，最好的辦法就是在程序員同志網(wǎng)搜索有關(guān)插件，找個(gè)最多的那個(gè)拿來(lái)研究研究。

通過(guò)上一篇《學(xué)習(xí) Lumen 用戶認(rèn)證 (一)》https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KVUQE2DUetNB2kqxHs0VDg的學(xué)習(xí)，大致懂了 Lumen 的用戶認(rèn)證主要使用 「api」的方式，來(lái)默認(rèn)進(jìn)行用戶認(rèn)證:

app["auth"]->viaRequest("api", function ($request) {
            if ($request->input("api_token")) {
                return User::where("api_token", $request->input("api_token"))->first();
            }
        });
    }
}

當(dāng)然在實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)中，我們不能只是簡(jiǎn)單的獲取 api_token直接關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查找用戶信息。

在 API 開(kāi)發(fā)中，用戶認(rèn)證是核心，是數(shù)據(jù)是否有保障的前提，目前主要有兩種常用方式進(jìn)行用戶認(rèn)證： JWT 和 OAuth2。

本文將簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)說(shuō)如何利用 JWT 來(lái)進(jìn)行用戶認(rèn)證

Json web token (JWT), 是為了在網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用環(huán)境間傳遞聲明而執(zhí)行的一種基于JSON 的開(kāi)放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (RFC 7519)。該 token 被設(shè)計(jì)為緊湊且安全的，特別適用于分布式站點(diǎn)的單點(diǎn)登錄（SSO）場(chǎng)景。JWT 的聲明一般被用來(lái)在身份提供者和服務(wù)提供者間傳遞被認(rèn)證的用戶身份信息，以便于從資源服務(wù)器獲取資源，也可以增加一些額外的其它業(yè)務(wù)邏輯所必須的聲明信息，該 token 也可直接被用于認(rèn)證，也可被加密。

關(guān)于 JWT 更具體的介紹，相信網(wǎng)上有很多帖子和文章值得參考，這里先不闡述了。

為了學(xué)習(xí) JWT 在 Lumen 中的使用，最好的辦法就是在「程序員同志網(wǎng) —— GitHub」搜索有關(guān)插件，找個(gè) stars 最多的那個(gè)拿來(lái)研究研究。

JSON Web Token Authentication for Laravel & Lumen

通過(guò) Composer 安裝：

composer require tymon/jwt-auth:"^1.0@dev"

注： 0.5.* 版本未對(duì) Lumen 專門做封裝

將 $app->withFacades() 和 auth 認(rèn)證相關(guān)的注釋去掉：

load();
} catch (DotenvExceptionInvalidPathException $e) {
    //
}

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Create The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here we will load the environment and create the application instance
| that serves as the central piece of this framework. We"ll use this
| application as an "IoC" container and router for this framework.
|
*/

$app = new LaravelLumenApplication(
    realpath(__DIR__."/../")
);

// 取消注釋，這樣就可以通過(guò) Auth::user()，獲取當(dāng)前授權(quán)用戶
$app->withFacades();

$app->withEloquent();

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Register Container Bindings
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Now we will register a few bindings in the service container. We will
| register the exception handler and the console kernel. You may add
| your own bindings here if you like or you can make another file.
|
*/

$app->singleton(
    IlluminateContractsDebugExceptionHandler::class,
    AppExceptionsHandler::class
);

$app->singleton(
    IlluminateContractsConsoleKernel::class,
    AppConsoleKernel::class
);

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Register Middleware
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Next, we will register the middleware with the application. These can
| be global middleware that run before and after each request into a
| route or middleware that"ll be assigned to some specific routes.
|
*/

// $app->middleware([
//    AppHttpMiddlewareExampleMiddleware::class
// ]);

// 增加 auth 中間件
$app->routeMiddleware([
    "auth" => AppHttpMiddlewareAuthenticate::class,
]);

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Register Service Providers
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here we will register all of the application"s service providers which
| are used to bind services into the container. Service providers are
| totally optional, so you are not required to uncomment this line.
|
*/

$app->register(AppProvidersAppServiceProvider::class);
$app->register(AppProvidersAuthServiceProvider::class);
// $app->register(AppProvidersEventServiceProvider::class);

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Load The Application Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Next we will include the routes file so that they can all be added to
| the application. This will provide all of the URLs the application
| can respond to, as well as the controllers that may handle them.
|
*/

$app->router->group([
    "namespace" => "AppHttpControllers",
], function ($router) {
    require __DIR__."/../routes/web.php";
});

return $app;

然后在 AppServiceProvider 中注冊(cè) LumenServiceProvider：

$this->app->register(TymonJWTAuthProvidersLumenServiceProvider::class);

在 Lumen 項(xiàng)目中，默認(rèn)沒(méi)有 config 文件夾，需要在項(xiàng)目根目錄創(chuàng)建，并將 vendor 源代碼中auth.php 復(fù)制出來(lái)，同時(shí)將 api 認(rèn)證指定為「jwt」：

 [
        "guard" => env("AUTH_GUARD", "api"),
    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Authentication Guards
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Next, you may define every authentication guard for your application.
    | Of course, a great default configuration has been defined for you
    | here which uses session storage and the Eloquent user provider.
    |
    | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
    | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
    | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user"s data.
    |
    | Supported: "session", "token"
    |
    */

    "guards" => [
        "api" => [
            "driver" => "jwt",
            "provider" => "users"
        ],
    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | User Providers
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
    | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
    | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user"s data.
    |
    | If you have multiple user tables or models you may configure multiple
    | sources which represent each model / table. These sources may then
    | be assigned to any extra authentication guards you have defined.
    |
    | Supported: "database", "eloquent"
    |
    */

    "providers" => [
        "users" => [
            "driver" => "eloquent",
            "model"  => AppUser::class,
        ],
    ],

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Resetting Passwords
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here you may set the options for resetting passwords including the view
    | that is your password reset e-mail. You may also set the name of the
    | table that maintains all of the reset tokens for your application.
    |
    | You may specify multiple password reset configurations if you have more
    | than one user table or model in the application and you want to have
    | separate password reset settings based on the specific user types.
    |
    | The expire time is the number of minutes that the reset token should be
    | considered valid. This security feature keeps tokens short-lived so
    | they have less time to be guessed. You may change this as needed.
    |
    */

    "passwords" => [
        //
    ],

];

最后，因?yàn)?JWT 協(xié)議需要用到 secret，所以需要生成一個(gè) secret：

php artisan jwt:secret

1. 更新 User Model

繼承 TymonJWTAuthContractsJWTSubject：

getKey();
    }

    /**
     * Return a key value array, containing any custom claims to be added to the JWT.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getJWTCustomClaims()
    {
        return [];
    }
}

2. 寫(xiě)一個(gè) Login 方法，驗(yàn)證登陸信息，并返回 token 回客戶端：

// 路由
$router->post("/auth/login", "AuthController@postLogin");

postLogin 方法：

jwt = $jwt;
    }

    public function postLogin(Request $request)
    {
        if (! $token = $this->jwt->attempt($request->only("email", "password"))) {
            return response()->json(["user_not_found"], 404);
        }

        return response()->json(compact("token"));
    }
}

可以請(qǐng)求試試了，用 Postman 跑跑：

有了 token 了。我們就可以用來(lái)測(cè)試，看能不能認(rèn)證成功，獲取用戶信息。

3. 使用 token 獲取用戶信息

// 使用 auth:api 中間件
$router->group(["middleware" => "auth:api"], function($router)
{
    $router->get("/test", "ExampleController@getUser");
});

只要驗(yàn)證通過(guò)，就可以利用 Auth:user()方法獲取用戶信息了。

public function getUser(Request $request) {
        return response()->json(["user" => Auth::user()]);
    }

對(duì)照數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù):

以后只要在請(qǐng)求的 headers 中加入 token 信息即可，完美實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶認(rèn)證。

想了解有關(guān) Lumen 的認(rèn)證相關(guān)內(nèi)容，可以參考上一篇文章《學(xué)習(xí) Lumen 用戶認(rèn)證 (一)》https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/KVUQE2DUetNB2kqxHs0VDg
也可以參考 Lumen 官網(wǎng)
https://lumen.laravel-china.o...

對(duì)獲取到 token 值 (eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwOi8vZGVtby5hcHAvYXV0aC9sb2dpbiIsImlhdCI6MTUxMDQ3NTQ5MiwiZXhwIjoxNTEwNDc5MDkyLCJuYmYiOjE1MTA0NzU0OTIsImp0aSI6Imx3UFpSMTN0MlV5eXRib1oiLCJzdWIiOjEsInBydiI6Ijg3ZTBhZjFlZjlmZDE1ODEyZmRlYzk3MTUzYTE0ZTBiMDQ3NTQ2YWEifQ.YTvsiO9MT3VgPZiI03v2sVEIsGLj8AUwJiDuXvCAvHI) 仔細(xì)觀察，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)中間是由兩個(gè)「.」來(lái)合并三段信息的。

下一步我們就來(lái)研究研究 JWT 的原理和也可以自己動(dòng)手寫(xiě)個(gè)基于 JWT 的 Lumen 認(rèn)證插件出來(lái)。

「未完待續(xù)」

coding01 期待您繼續(xù)關(guān)注

也很感謝您能看到這了