摘要：坐標(biāo)軸，標(biāo)題，標(biāo)簽，圖形樣式餅圖，柱狀圖，折線圖等等等的設(shè)置都通過(guò)的成員函數(shù)來(lái)設(shè)置完成。寫(xiě)在最后因?yàn)樽陨砟芰τ邢?，也不是科班出身，都是自學(xué)的，目前還是一名學(xué)生，所以有未盡之處還請(qǐng)指正，不喜勿噴。

雖然，qt中也提供了繪圖函數(shù)，但對(duì)于初學(xué)者并不是很容易掌握，眾所周知，matplot提供了簡(jiǎn)單，易用，強(qiáng)大的繪圖函數(shù)，結(jié)合mumpy基本可以達(dá)到matlb中的繪圖體驗(yàn)，并且比matlab更加具有擴(kuò)展性，也更自由。通過(guò)matplotlib提供的官方例程的修改，就可以很容易的繪制你想要的圖形，真的很強(qiáng)大。（我也是名初學(xué)者）

# 取自matplotlib 官方文檔案例

from __future__ import unicode_literals
import sys
import os
import random
import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from numpy import arange, sin, pi, linspace
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

progname = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
progversion = "0.1"


class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    # 這既是一個(gè)wiget類也是一個(gè)FigureCanva

    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        self.fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = self.fig.add_subplot(111)

        self.compute_initial_figure()

        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
        self.setParent(parent)

        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                   QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                   QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

    def compute_initial_figure(self):
        pass


class MyStaticMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
    """Simple canvas with a sine plot."""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        MyMplCanvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        

    def compute_initial_figure(self):
        print("hello world")
        x = linspace(0, 2 * pi, 500000)
        y = sin(x)
        self.axes.cla()
        self.axes.plot(x, y)
        self.draw()


class MyDynamicMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
    """A canvas that updates itself every second with a new plot."""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        MyMplCanvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
        
        timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
        timer.start(1000)

    def compute_initial_figure(self):
        self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 0, 4], "r")

    def update_figure(self):
        # Build a list of 4 random integers between 0 and 10 (both inclusive)
        l = [random.randint(0, 10) for i in range(4)]
        self.axes.cla()
        self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], l, "r")
        self.draw()


class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_DeleteOnClose)
        self.setWindowTitle("application main window")

        self.file_menu = QtWidgets.QMenu("&File", self)
        self.file_menu.addAction("&Quit", self.fileQuit,
                                 QtCore.Qt.CTRL + QtCore.Qt.Key_Q)
        self.menuBar().addMenu(self.file_menu)

        self.help_menu = QtWidgets.QMenu("&Help", self)
        self.menuBar().addSeparator()
        self.menuBar().addMenu(self.help_menu)

        self.help_menu.addAction("&About", self.about)

        self.main_widget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self)

        l = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.main_widget)
        sc = MyStaticMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
        dc = MyDynamicMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
        l.addWidget(sc)
        l.addWidget(dc)

        self.main_widget.setFocus()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.main_widget)

        self.statusBar().showMessage("All hail matplotlib!", 2000)

    def fileQuit(self):
        self.close()

    def closeEvent(self, ce):
        self.fileQuit()

    def about(self):
        QtWidgets.QMessageBox.about(self, "About",
                                    """embedding_in_qt5.py example
Copyright 2005 Florent Rougon, 2006 Darren Dale, 2015 Jens H Nielsen

This program is a simple example of a Qt5 application embedding matplotlib
canvases.

It may be used and modified with no restriction; raw copies as well as
modified versions may be distributed without limitation.

This is modified from the embedding in qt4 example to show the difference
between qt4 and qt5""")

通過(guò)matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")，這行代碼聲明matplotlib將要嵌入到pyqt5中，同樣通過(guò)這句，也可以聲明將matplotlib嵌入到其他的，gui界面中去，然后通過(guò)繼承FigureCanvas類來(lái)獲得一個(gè)即使widget的類也是FigureCanva類的類，然后通過(guò)self.fig成員，生成一個(gè)繪圖類，并由其創(chuàng)建一個(gè)繪圖布局，返回一個(gè)self.axes來(lái)管理繪圖布局中的內(nèi)容。坐標(biāo)軸，標(biāo)題，標(biāo)簽，圖形樣式（餅圖，柱狀圖，折線圖等）等等的設(shè)置都通過(guò)self.axes的成員函數(shù)來(lái)設(shè)置完成。剛開(kāi)始的使用還是比較云里霧里的，現(xiàn)在就差不多了。我對(duì)官方例程做了些修改，具體的代碼，可以到我的GitHub倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)上查看Qt-learn-pyqt5-matplotlib里面也有一些其他的例子，應(yīng)該還會(huì)不定期的更新，有興趣也可以看看。下面只需要對(duì)這幾個(gè)類進(jìn)行實(shí)例話，開(kāi)啟qt的事件循環(huán)就可以看到界面了，具體的可以看我的github代碼，這里就不多說(shuō)了。

因?yàn)樽陨砟芰τ邢蓿膊皇强瓢喑錾?，都是自學(xué)的，目前還是一名學(xué)生，所以有未盡之處還請(qǐng)指正，不喜勿噴。謝謝。